VII. Appendix 2: Illustrations of Traditional and Modern Food utensils,
Preparation, Preservation and Storage Materials
On this section, we give the names and illustrations of the tools and materials needed for food preparation on the islands. Tools that are traditional and those modern are shown, but due to time constraints, several items were not illustrated. On its format, the first few pages give the names of the tools on the islands and their purpose. Just beside the names are figure numbers, and these one should match to items on the next portion of the section where the illustrations are presented.
Masiya(Sons and P.A.), Machiya(Tobi) and eep(All same); Figure 1 and 2, respectively- two kinds of traditional grass skirts for women; made of a variety of plant fibers. When a skirt is decidedly made specifically for food preparation, it is not worn by people. These two are exclusively used to squeeze out water from maal.
Hirie Nnip(Sonsorol), Hirie ri niribwu(P.A.), Hirie eri buhou(Tobi); Figure 3- a short, weaved matting made of a section of coconut frond; placed at the very bottom of the maal pit.
Sukuri maahga; Figure 4- a woven tray, made of sections of coconut fronds; used to cook maahga in uumu.
Yado(Sons), Udeki ri uumu(P.A.); Figure 5- a flat weaving of coconut frond. Often, each weaving is made to cover half of the edges of an underground oven, accompanied by another weaving at the other side of the uumu, directly facing and of similar length. They are used as a barrier between food and the ground, preventing contact between the two. After food has been placed Coconut husks(still green and wet), are placed snugly between the dirt and the weaved barrier
Leaves of Ti plant; Figure 9- used to wrap foods wrapped as bilum.
Leaves of Bird's Nest Fern; Figure 10- used to wrap certain kinds of food in Sonsorol, used as alternatives to the banana leaves that are used in the maahga pit.
Taha Huyas (Sons and P.A.); Figures 11 and 12- a traditional serving bowl with a long handle. Shaped similarly to modern cooking pots.
Faoraor(Sons and P.A.), Foror ri Uumu(Tobi);Figure 13 - thin sticks, placed in a grid fashion on top of root crops, fruits, and other foods placed in an underground oven. Purpose is to prevent leaves from touching the cooked food.
Taha Huyaw(Sons and P.A), Pouh(Tobi); Figure 14 and 15- a food container; either carved out of wood or a whole coconut shell.
Leaves of Elephant's Ear Taro; Figure 16- used to cover food that are being cooked in an earthoven. On Sonsorol they could also be used to provide extra wrapping for bilum when they are cooked in an earthoven.
Tapahau(Sons and Tobi), Ubut(P.A.); Figure 17- Young coconut shoot; used to make weavings for Pikipiki Naes.
Erer (Tobi); Figure 18- a matting of pohuae leaves. Used only in uumur harau to cover rocks in uumu; to keep food at a distance from the rocks.
Sisi (Sonsorol and Pulo Anna), Chichi(Tobi); Figure 19- A species of fern; its leaves are used to provide scent for foods that are cooked using the tuhief method.
Tapieri Mangau'u (Sonsorol); Figure 20- a wooden bowl with a slightly bulging bottom; used to serve food by sliding over the floor of a house amongst family members.
Urru (Sonsorol, Pulo Anna and Tobi); Figure 21- coconut fiber cloth or a square piece of clothing, preferably white; Used to squeeze out coconut milk from the meat; In the past, coconut fiber cloth was also used to protect the hands from the itchy skin of moruya and balih when they are being peeled off.
Tapieri Hammageri(Tobi); Figure 22- a special wooden bowl; used only to contain hammageri.
Poul(Sonsorol); Figure 23- A coconut shell cup; used in collecting coconut toddy.
Fadudud, Faduri Pao(Sons), Fadudud(P.A.), Farr(Tobi); Figure 24- a pounding stone, made of clam shell base; used to pound food.
Tapieri Pao ( Sonsorol), Tapieri dud(Pulo Anna); Figure 25- a wooden bowl, used for pounding, preparing maahga, piropiro
Yannif (Tobi); Figure 26- a wooden board, used to pound root crops.
Tapieri Nap (Sons), Tapieri maahga(P.A.); Figure 27- a bigger version of tapiya, generally longer and deeper; used for extracting starch of mohumohu, cleaning maal before and after the pit, for making piropiro
Tapii(Tobi); Figures 28 to 33- various wooden bowls from Tobi; used to serve food.
Haicho(Sonsorol); Figure 34 and 35- A small, house-like structure that is used to preserve fresh fish meat; a Japanese introduction to the islands
Sovor (Sons and P.A.); Figure 36 - A shovel; used to dig underground pits for maahga and buhou.
Faangi(Sonsorol, Pulo Anna and Tobi); Figure 37- a smoking grill, used on all the inhabited islands.
Bahet (Sons and P.A.); Figure 38- a bucket, commonly used to make a simpler preparation of maahga ri fadol.
Weikeng(Sonsorol), Perih(P.A.), perih eri titituk(Tobi); Figure 39- Graters used exclusively for coconut meat
Iheih(Sons and P.A); Figure 40- Graters in three different forms. They are used to grate several fruits, including banana, pumpkin and papaya.
Pan (Sonsorol, Pulo Anna); Figure 41- an ordinary pan, used to cook and fry food.
Ostaf (Sonsorol and Tobi); Figure 42- A special pot, slightly taller than ordinary ones. Used commonly to cook the heads of pigs.
Pot(Sonsorol); Figure 43- An ordinary pot, used by all the islanders today. Has long replaced the coconut shell in cooking food.
Pot eri Periper(Sonsorol); Figure 44- A cauldron, used to cook meats and food crops; In Sonsorol it is used in a modern method of soaking breadfruit in saltwater before further preparation of maahga.
Plywood;Figure 44a- used at times to cover a cauldron when meat and food crops are being cooked.
Tarai ri mangal(Sons), basin eri mangau(P.A.); Figure 45- A large, plastic basin(usually those used to shower babies); a modern tool, used presently to collect pig blood, certain fruits and crops are grated within it, maal is cleaned and refined in it, starches, especially from mohumohu and tapioca, are left to settle in it.
Tin Roofing; Figure 46- used to dry certain foods under the sun, especially Elephant's
Ear Taro and banana.
Ebis(Sonsorol); Figure 47- A meat grinder, used at times in the islands as an alternative to pounding certain food crops.
Konro(Sonsorol); Figure 48- A small burner, used everyday by the islanders to cook all kinds of dishes.
Blender; Figure 49- Presently, it is used by the islanders to blend wax apple when making it into a drink.
Perih eri holuholu (Sons and P.A.), Perih eri Haguhagu(Tobi); Figure 50- a scraper, made of coconut shell or clam shell. It is used to scrape coconut meat from the shell.
Burohoroh(Sonsorol), Burahaoroh(Pulo Anna);Figure 51- knife made of lild; used to gut and slice fish
Haleari (Pulo Anna); Figure 52- A traditional knife, tipped with shark teeth. In the past it was used to parcel the flesh of only the fishes tahu and halangap.
Iet(Sonsorol), Iot(Tobi); Figure 53- A traditional breadfruit picker.
Perik eri iouiou(Sons and P.A.), Perik(Tobi); Figure 54 - A scraper made of hard coconut shell. Used to peel away the skin of breadfruit.
Dabagau(Sons), Dabalau(P.A.), Sabahau(Tobi); Figure 55- Shell from a certain species of cowry. It was diligently cut at one side to make a sharp edge, then used to scrape away the skin of breadfruit.
Biscuit tin, Figure 56- In present times, it is used to store dried Elephant's Ear Taro.
Roho(Sons and P.A.), Roho ur Pannu(Tobi); Figure 57- A coconut leaflet midrib. Was used in the past to secure tuhief wrappings in Sonsorol.
Bai(Tobi); Figure 58- A flat tool that was made of either coconut or turtle shell. It was used to scrape off the roots of taro.
Turru(Sons and P.A.), Turru(Tobi); Figure 59- dried section of coconut frond, the leaflets bound tight together with sennit rope; used to burn off the hair of pigs and to set earthovens on fire, especially Uumur harau.
Muromur(Sonsorol, Pulo Anna and Tobi)Figure 60a- firestarter set
Riako(P.A.); Figure 60b- a firestarter using bamboo.
Ffa(Sonsorol); Figure 61- String that is made from the skin of the top side of a coconut midrib. It is used to tie certain foods that are wrapped and cooked in an earthoven, seal off the openings of baskets that are used in the cooking process, and with Tobians it is used to tie tuhief wrappings.
Weitweti ri yohoyoh(Tobi); Figure 62- used to remove meat of yohoyoh
Hamagabwer(Sonsorol), Hamalabwer(Pulo Anna), Hamaheh, Hamalabwer(Tobi), Figure 63- A nautilus shell. In the past, it was used as a big spoon to drink piropiro.
Tarai(Sons and P.A.), Tere(Tobi), Figure 64- a small carving tool that was used to cut firewood.
Taraefad(Sons); Figure 65- a carving tool that was also used to cut the inner pith of
sago palm in the past.
Longnose(Sonsorol); Figure 66- A pair of pliers. At times it was used to pull out t he spines of porcupine fish.
Fish scaler(Name unavailable); Figure 67- Used to scale fish.
Tray; Figure 68- Preferably metallic. Aside from using to serve food during special occasions, it could also be used to cook food in the earthoven.
Fadungogu(Sons), Fadungolu(P.A.), Sosomai(Tobi); Figure 69- a certain species of hard coral. When dead and found on the beach, it is washed clean, placed in a tapii, then used for grating mohumohu to extract its starch, pushing and shoving the tuber across the rough, slightly sharp surface of the coral.
Sepiripare (Sonsorol, Pulo Anna and Tobi); Figure 70- coconut frond base; was cut and and shaped as a spatula that was used to stir the dish kosaos I sari wor. In P.A., it is given the name itit when used as a spatula; was also used in uumur harau, put on the sides of the pit to prevent the rocks from collapsing; used when still green.
Saru(Sonsorol); Figure 71- A plastic basket that is presently used to serve food, especially during gatherings.
Ziploc Bag; Figure 72- Presently used to contain salt-dried fish.
Plastic; Figure 73- used along with the bucket in the preparation of maahga ri fadol. Could also be used for maahga when it is placed underground, cutting it into lengths about a foot in width and 2 feet in length. Used to replace the leaves used in the pit.
Sukuri Peruper(Sons and P.A.);Illustration not available- A specially woven basket, made specifically for WuhgoPeruper.
Haato; Illustration not available- A specific food basket, used to contain coconuts and food, especially preserved food.
Tahahu(Sons and P.A.); Illustration not available- Hard coconut shell; was a water bottle in the past. Used also to collect blood of turtle, contain food, especially fruits, nuts of breadfruit, and root crop dishes that were placed in the uumu. Was used also as a digging tool to make the pits for maal, bulhou, banana. In Tobi it was also used to scale fish
Dagu(sons), Dalu(P.A.), Saahg(Tobi) - a mother-of-pearl shell, used to cut fish and fruits such as breadfruit.
Peiion ru Wanu (Sons and P.A.), Peiio ru Nnu (Tobi); Illustration not available- Old coconut husks; used to start fires, applied in an alternative step in the preparation of maal, and also in a preservation of sashimi.
Yakes(Tobi);Illustration not available- a carving tool, used to remove the inner pith of amia
Bas(Sons), Bas eri mangau(P.A.); Illustration not available-Food plate, made of a section of coconut frond
Bach (Tobi); Illustration not available- woven coconut frond, similar to Bas; Used to cover food in uumu
Sukuri sukusuk(Sons), Sukuri hadauru(P.A.);Illustration not availble- basket used to contain halifato when setting in uumu.
Yasatteri(Sons), Teidi(P.A.), Iauferi(Tobi);Illustration not available- A coconut husker, made of a thick stick that is sharpened at one end.
Chuk; Illustration not available- a basket used to cook buhou ri fariyap in Tobi.
Dori Pannu (Sons), Doari Pannu(P.A.), Souwar(Tobi);Illustation not available- Coconut midribs, used in making faangi grill. A thin layer of its skin on the topside is used as string(ffa) for tying packaged food, and for sewing the abdomen of a pig close when it is placed in an earthoven. In Tobi, they are cut into lengths called parea ruumu, equivalent to the width of wooden bowls, which when used to cook food, the sticks would be used to prevent it from being burned and keep away the leaves from the food.
Chuk uri Tafarang(Illustration not available)- a basket used in the baking of hammageri
Uadei(Sons and P.A.), Uasei(Tobi); Illustration not available- a modern knife
Yahuyah(Tobi); Illustration not available- wooden spatula, used in Tobi to stir soup, amia
Sukuri tiri(Sonsorol); Illustration not available- a special basket used to contain tiri when they are put in uumu.
Siripou ri wor(Sons), Harukuppou(Tobi); Illustration not available - scapula of turtle; used as a knife used to cut soft foods such as sirahkoraki and pao ri moruya.
Itit(Sons and P.A.); Illustration not available - a disposable spoon made of coconut shell. Used to eat all kinds of dishes